We also raise the suggestion that if the Web industry at large standardized on an XML format for meta-content that included images, then the possibility exists that rapid-fire image browsing could becom.
In this paper we present our application prototypes using a system called PolyNav^TM and discuss the imaging requirements for applications like these. Our hypothesis, confirmed by user evaluations and a pilot experiment, is that many users will be drawn to interfaces that provide rapid presentation of images for browsing tasks in many contexts, among them online shopping, multimedia title selection, and people directories. We have prototyped a number of browsing applications in different domains that offer the advantages of high interactivity and visual engagement. At GTE Laboratories we have been experimenting with Web-based browsing interfaces that take advantage of this human facility. It is well established that humans possess cognitive abilities to process images extremely rapidly.
Implications for visual interface design and further questions for future research are provided. Users generally preferred key frame filmstrips to dynamic displays, although objective measures of performance were mixed. Furthermore, gist determination performance dropped significantly between three and four simultaneous slide shows in a single display. Performance on gist determination tasks degraded less severely than performance on object recognition tasks as display rates increased. No significant performance degradation was detected at display rates up to 8 key frames per second, but performance degraded significantly at higher rates. Key frame display rate, number of simultaneous displays, and user perception were investigated as a function of user performance in object recognition and gist determination tasks.
#Define rsvp series#
User studies were conducted in a series of three experiments. The slide show mechanism displays key frames in rapid succession and is designed to facilitate visual browsing by exploiting human perceptual capabilities. Variations on dynamic key frame "slide shows" were examined and compared to a static key frame "filmstrip" display. As part of ongoing work to develop video browsing interfaces, several interface displays based on key frames were investigated. Key frames extracted directly from video inform users about content without requiring them to view the entire video. Our results indicate that human online category learning can be optimized for human–system interaction.īecause of unique temporal and spatial properties of video data, different techniques for summarizing videos have been proposed. In addition, the subject accuracy was sensitive to distractors highlighted as targets, but not to nonhighlighted exemplars. The results show that most highlighting methods resulted in equivalent accuracy to the positive control, but certain modalities were more effective at varying difficulty levels. In both experiments, there were three levels of difficulty that varied the similarity between distractor and exemplar images. In Experiment 2, label accuracy was altered by incorrectly labeling some distractor and exemplar images. In Experiment 1, the highlighting method was varied among four options and a negative (no-label) and positive (explicit, text-based) control.
#Define rsvp serial#
In our study, subjects participated in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation paradigm in which they were asked to determine the target category from highlighted exemplar images interspersed among distractor images. Online category learning is necessary in this system because we envision that humans will need to provide input to assist CV modules in determining category labels without reducing throughput and without necessarily having expert knowledge of each category. This study alters various exemplar presentation parameters to determine their effects on human online category learning for a future system that combines humans and computer vision (CV).
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